The title Duke of Berwick was created in the Peerage of England on 19 March 1687 for James FitzJames, the illegitimate son of King James II and Arabella Churchill. The title refers to the town of Berwick-upon-Tweed in England by the border with Scotland. At the same time the titles Baron Bosworth and Earl of Tinmouth were created which are subsidiary to the dukedom.
The peerage and its subsidiary titles were generally considered to have been forfeit by the British parliament in 1695, when the Duke was attainted following the enforced exile of his father. However, some have argued that the forfeiture was never properly carried out, and that the titles thus remains extant.
Nevertheless, the titles were recognized in France as de facto Jacobite Peerages by King Louis XIV, this to please the exiled King James II & VII, along with other in France recognized Jacobite Peerages, like Duke of Perth, Duke of Melfort, etc. On 13 December 1707, King Philip V confirmed the titles in Spain, and conferred the dignity Grandee of Spain to James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick. The Grandee is attached to the title of Duke of Berwick.
Since then the Dukedom of Berwick continues as an English title as well as a Spanish title:
Contents |
Descendant | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
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James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick 1670–1695 |
21 August 1670 Moulins, Allier son of James II of England and Arabella Churchill |
Honora de Burgh, Countess de Lucan 26 March 1695 1 child Anne Bulkeley 18 April 1700 10 children |
12 June 1734 Philippsburg aged 63 |
Descendant | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick 1695–1734 |
21 August 1670 Moulins, Allier son of James II of England and Arabella Churchill |
Honora de Burgh, Countess de Lucan 26 March 1695 1 child Anne Bulkeley 18 April 1700 10 children |
12 June 1734 Philippsburg aged 63 |
|
James Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick 1734–1738 |
21 October 1696 son of James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick and Honora de Burgh, Countess de Lucan |
Catalina Colón de Portugal y Ayala, 9th condesa de Gelves 31 December 1716 6 children |
2 June 1738 Naples aged 41 |
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James Fitz-James Stuart, 3rd Duke of Berwick 1738–1785 |
28 December 1718 Madrid son of James Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick and Catalina Colón de Portugal y Ayala, 9th condesa de Gelves |
María Teresa de Silva y Alvarez de Toledo 26 June 1738 1 child |
30 September 1785 Valencia aged 66 |
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Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 4th Duke of Berwick 1785–1787 |
25 March 1752 Liria son of James Fitz-James Stuart, 3rd Duke of Berwick and María Teresa de Silva y Álvarez de Toledo |
Carolina Augusta, Prinzessin zu Stolberg-Gedern 15 September 1771 2 children |
7 September 1787 Madrid aged 35 |
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Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 5th Duke of Berwick 1787–1794 |
25 February 1773 Paris son of Carlos FitzJames Stuart, 4th Duke of Berwick and Carolina Augusta, Prinzessin zu Stolberg-Gedern |
María Teresa de Silva Fernández de Híjar y Palafox 24 January 1790 2 children |
3 April 1794 died aged 21 |
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Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 6th Duke of Berwick 1794–1795 |
3 January 1792 son of Jacobo FitzJames Stuart, 5th Duke of Berwick and María Teresa de Silva Fernández de Híjar y Palafox |
never married | 5 January 1795 aged 3 |
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Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 7th Duke of Berwick 1795–1835 |
19 May 1794 Madrid son of Jacobo FitzJames Stuart, 5th Duke of Berwick and María Teresa de Silva Fernández de Híjar y Palafox |
Rosalia Ventimiglia y Moncada d,Aragona 15 February 1817 3 children |
7 October 1835 Sion aged 41 |
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Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 8th Duke of Berwick 1835–1881 |
3 June 1821 Palermo son of Carlos FitzJames Stuart, 7th Duke of Berwick and Rosalia Ventimiglia Ventimiglia y Moncada d,Aragona |
María Francisca Portocarrero Palafox y Kirck Patrick, 12th duquesa de Peñaranda 14 February 1848 3 children |
10 July 1881 Madrid aged 60 |
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Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 9th Duke of Berwick 1881–1901 |
4 December 1849 Madrid son of Jacobo FitzJames Stuart, 8th Duke of Berwick and María Francisca Portocarrero Palafox y Kirck Patrick, 12th duquesa de Peñaranda |
María del Rosario Falcó y Osorio, 12th condesa de Siruela 10 December 1877 3 children |
15 October 1901 New York City aged 51 |
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Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 10th Duke of Berwick 1901–1953 |
17 October 1878 Madrid son of Carlos FitzJames Stuart, 9th Duke of Berwick and María del Rosario Falcó y Osorio, 12th condesa de Siruela |
María del Rosario de Silva y Gurtubay, 9th marquesa de San Vicente del Barco 7 October 1920 1 child |
24 September 1953 Lausanne aged 74 |
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Fernando FitzJames Stuart, 11th Duke of Berwick 1953–1970 |
24 January 1922 El Guadalperal son of Carlos Fernando Fitz-James Stuart y Falcó, 14th duque de Peñaranda, younger brother of the 10th Duke of Berwick, and María del Carmen de Saavedra y Collado, 13th marquesa de Villaviciosa |
María Isabel Gómez y Ruiz 1944 4 children |
20 July 1970 El Guadalperal aged 48 |
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Jacobo FitzJames Stuart, 12th Duke of Berwick 1970–present |
15 November 1947 son of Fernando FitzJames Stuart, 11th Duke of Berwick and María Isabel Gómez y Ruiz |
not married |
Before 1953, the Spanish Dukes were also the Jacobite Dukes of Berwick.
Descendant | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart, 11th Duchess of Berwick 1953–present |
March 28, 1926 Liria Palace, Madrid daughter of Fitz-James Stuart, 10th Duke of Berwick and María del Rosario de Silva, Duchess of Alba |
Honorable Luis Martínez de Irujo y Artázcoz m. 1947; dec. 1972 with him 6 children Jesús Aguirre y Ortiz de Zárate m. 1978; dec. 2001 Alfonso Díez Carabantes m. 2011 |